ࡱ> ikfgh#` \bjbjmm 8 @&  (((8.)d*T s**"+++,,,4s6s6s6s6s6s6s$vhMyVZs] .,@,..Zs ++{s444. + +4s4.4s44X 6\+* PiF(.FY"s4s0sZyN1|yD6\6\y \D,> -,49-$]-,,,ZsZs1 ,,,s.... 2$ 2$  B NNG NGHIP V PHT TRIN NNG THN  CNG HO X HI CH NGH(A VIT NAM c lp - T do - Hnh phc  H Ni, ngy 27 thng 2 nm 2013 BO CO TNG KT HOT NG 20 NM (1993- 2013) V NH HNG PHT TRIN N NM 2020 CA H THNG KHUYN NNG VIT NAM -------------------------------------- Cng cuc "i mi" do ng ta khi xng v lnh o t i hi VI  a t nc ta thot khi khng hong kinh t v khng ngng pht trin trn con ng i ln ch ngh)a x hi v mc tiu dn giu nc mnh, x hi dn ch, cng bng, vn minh. Ring trong l)nh vc nng nghip v pht trin nng thn, cng cuc  i mi  t nhng thnh tu to ln. T mt nc thiu lng thc trin min phi nhp khu vi s lng hng triu tn mi nm, gi tr xut khu nng sn khng ng k, Nng nghip Vit Nam  vn ln m bo vng chc an ninh lng thc trong nc v tr thnh nc xut khu nng sn c v th quan trng trn th gii. Thnh cng ca ngnh Nng nghip trong tin trnh  i mi va qua c s ng gp rt tch cc v quan trng ca h thng Khuyn nng Vit Nam vi vai tr l cu ni gia Nh nc, c quan nghin cu khoa hc vi h nng dn v th trng, l h thng t vn, ph bin kin thc, cc ch trng chnh sch ca ng, Nh nc, cung cp thng tin, chuyn giao tin b khoa hc k thut cng ngh, kinh nghim sn xut kinh doanh cho nng dn trong nn kinh t th trng nh hng x hi ch ngh)a. Phn I KHI QUT QU TRNH 20 NM XY DNG V PHT TRIN CA H THNG KHUYN NNG VIT NAM L mt t nc nng nghip vi nn vn minh la nc, t xa xa ng cha ta  rt quan tm khuyn khch pht trin canh nng nh: thi Hng Vng, Vua Hng t dy dn cy la trng du, L hi "Tch in" t thi tin L v c duy tr n ngy nay, vic thnh lp "Khuyn nng S" thi Trn, vic Vua Quang Trung ban hnh "Chiu Khuyn nng".... Sau Cch mng Thng 8/1945 v trong khng chin chng thc dn Php v  quc M, cng vi nhim v u tranh ginh c lp, t do v thng nht t nc, ng, Chnh ph v Bc H cing thng xuyn quan tm ch o v ban hnh nhiu chnh sch khuyn nng nhm khuyn khch pht trin sn xut nng nghip, ci thin i sng nng dn. c bit, t khi c Ngh quyt 10 ca B Chnh tr (Kha VI) v i mi c ch qun l trong nng nghip, h nng dn c giao t liu sn xut v t ch sn xut, cn c c quan hng dn, t vn gip h nng dn nm vng ch trng chnh sch, hiu bit v vn dng khoa hc k thut  sn xut kinh doanh c hiu qu. Thc tin sn xut  t nhu cu tt yu khch quan cho s ra i v pht trin ca H thng Khuyn nng Vit Nam, p ng nhu cu ca nng dn, ca sn xut nng nghip trong nc v hi nhp vi nng nghip khu vc v th gii. I. H thng t chc, ngun nhn lc v c s vt cht k thut cho hot ng khuyn nng c quan tm u t, tng bc pht trin ng b t trung ng n c s 1. V h thng t chc v nhn lc Ngy 02/3/1993, Chnh ph ban hnh Ngh nh s 13/CP ban hnh bn quy nh v cng tc khuyn nng, H thng Khuyn nng chuyn trch chnh thc ra i. Tri qua 20 nm hot ng cng vi tin trnh pht trin ca Ngnh Nng nghip, t chc khuyn nng khng ngng pht trin, ln mnh t Trung ng n c s, thng xuyn gn b mt thit vi nng nghip, nng dn v nng thn.  Trung ng, giai on 1993- 2004, Cc Khuyn nng (thuc B Nng nghip v cng nghip thc phm) v Cc Khuyn nng v Khuyn lm (thuc B Nng nghip) thc hin c 2 chc nng qun l nh nc v sn xut nng nghip v hot ng s nghip khuyn nng; V Ngh c thuc B Thy sn cing thc hin nhim v qun l nh nc v cng tc khuyn ng. Ngy 26/4/2005, Chnh ph ban hnh Ngh nh s 56/2005/N-CP v Khuyn nng, Khuyn ng.  trung ng, Trung tm Khuyn nng Quc gia c thnh lp (tch t Cc Khuyn nng v Khuyn lm) trc thuc B Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn; Trung tm Khuyn ng Quc gia thuc B Thy sn. n nm 2008, khi hp nht B Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn v B Thy sn, Trung tm Khuyn nng Quc gia v Trung tm Khuyn ng Quc gia c hp nht thnh Trung tm Khuyn nng - Khuyn ng Quc gia. Ngy 08/01/2010, Chnh ph ban hnh Ngh nh s 02/2010/N-CP v Khuyn nng thay Ngh nh s 56/2005/N-CP, c quan Khuyn nng Trung ng chnh thc l Trung tm Khuyn nng Quc gia thuc B Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn. Mc d trong tng giai on c s thay i v t chc v tn gi khc nhau, nhng t chc khuyn nng  Trung ng vn lin tc pht trin v l u mi thng nht ch o, hng dn v chuyn mn nghip v i vi h thng khuyn nng c nc, l u mi hp tc vi cc t chc khuyn nng trong khu vc v quc t, l lc lng nng ct trin khai thc hin cc chng trnh, d n, hot ng khuyn nng  Trung ng.  a phng, cc t chc khuyn nng, khuyn ng cing tng bc c pht trin v hon thin t cp tnh n cp huyn, cp x v thn, bn. C th nh sau: Hin nay, tt c 63 tnh, thnh ph trc thuc Trung ng u c Trung tm Khuyn nng (hoc Trung tm Khuyn nng - Khuyn ng) thuc S Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn; Cp huyn hin 596 huyn, th x c sn xut nng nghip (chim 95,5% s huyn, th x trong ton quc)  c Trm khuyn nng (hoc Trm khuyn nng - khuyn ng). Cp x hin c 51 tnh, thnh ph c mng li khuyn nng vin c s, trong : Khuyn nng vin c s (KNVCS) chuyn trch t 1-2 ngi/ x; mi thn, bn c 01 cng tc vin khuyn nng (bn chuyn trch); ngoi ra ton quc hin c gn 700 Cu lc b khuyn nng (CLBKN) cp x vi gn 20.000 ngi tham gia. Nhiu tnh  quan tm xy dng v pht trin mng li khuyn nng c s kh ton din t b tr lc lng, u t ngun lc v c ch chinh sch  pht huy nng lc ca i ngi ny, in hnh nh: Lo Cai, H Giang, Tuyn Quang, Bc Giang, Bc Ninh, Nam nh, H Ni, Hi Phng, Thanh Ha, Ngh An, Qung Nam, c Lc, c Nng, Bnh Phc, Tin Giang, Kin Giang, Bn Tre, .... Cng vi pht trin v t chc th lc lng cn b khuyn nng cing c tng cng c v s lng v cht lng. Hin nay, h thng khuyn nng chuyn trch c gn 17.200 ngi, trong : cp Trung ng c 90 ngi; cp tnh: khong 1.900 ngi; cp huyn: xp x 4.000 ngi; cp x, lc lng khuyn nng vin c s: xp x 11.200 ngi; cng tc vin khuyn nng cp thn, bn: xp x 18.000 ngi. Phn ln lc lng cn b khuyn nng cc cp  c o to v chuyn mn, bi dng v k nng nghip v khuyn nng, c kinh nghim thc tin v rt tm huyt vi ngh ngh, thng xuyn gn b vi sn xut, vi nng dn. 2. V u t c s vt cht k thut cho khuyn nng Cng vi s pht trin v t chc v i ngi cn b, c s vt cht ca h thng khuyn nng cc cp cing tng bc c u t  p ng yu cu nhim v. Kt qu kho st nm 2012 cho thy: - V tr s lm vic: 100% Trung tm khuyn nng tnh, thnh ph v 68% trm khuyn nng huyn c tr s lm vic kin c. S cn li c tr s bn kin c. - V trang thit b lm vic phc v hot ng khuyn nng: khong 60% c quan khuyn nng cp tnh v 40% c quan khuyn nng cp huyn c u t  trang thit b vn phng, thit b thng tin, o to v phng tin i li phc v cng tc khuyn nng. S cn li cn thiu nhiu trang thit b lm vic so vi nhu cu hot ng khuyn nng. II. Phng php tip cn v ni dung hot ng khuyn nng thng xuyn i mi ph hp vi thc tin 1. Phng php tip cn Ngay t nhng ngy u thnh lp, h thng khuyn nng Vit Nam  kt hp cht ch, hi ha 2 phng php tip cn khuyn nng c bn l: + Tip cn t di ln: xut pht t nhu cu ca thc t sn xut v nhu cu ca nng dn  tng vng, min, tng giai on c th; + Tip cn theo mc tiu chin lc: xy dng v t chc thc hin cc Chng trnh khuyn nng trng im nhm tp trung ngun lc, s ch o  thc hin cc mc tiu chin lc ca ngnh, a phng trong tng giai on. Trn phm vi ton quc v tng vng, min, trong tng giai on, phng php tip cn theo mc tiu chin lc l ch o, nhng trong tng a phng, tng thi im cn cn c vo tng iu kin c th ca h nng dn  la chn i tng cy trng, vt nui, sn phm c trng, la chn nhng tin b k thut thch hp hng dn nng dn p dng nhm pht huy li th so snh v nng cao hiu qu cng tc khuyn nng. 2. Ni dung hot ng khuyn nng lun bm st thc tin sn xut v s pht trin ca khoa hc cng ngh - Trong thp nin 90 ca th k trc l giai on sn xut nng nghip chuyn t c ch k hoch ho tp trung sang pht trin kinh t nng h. ng thi thnh tu ni bt ca khoa hc cng ngh trong nc giai on ny l ng dng cc ging cy trng, vt nui c u th lai tt, c thi gian sinh trng ngn  chuyn i c cu sn xut, tng v, tng nng sut, sn lng. Mt khc h thng khuyn nng cing mi c thnh lp, ni dung khuyn nng ch yu tp trung h tr pht trin kinh t nng h nhm mc tiu hng u l xo i gim ngho. Hot ng khuyn nng giai on ny tp trung vo 19 chng trnh khuyn nng trng im quc gia nh: chng trnh thng tin tuyn truyn, o to hun luyn khuyn nng; cc chng trnh khuyn nng v ng dng cc ging mi nh la lai, ng lai, lc, u tng, ma, cc loi rau, qu ngn ngy, c u th lai cao  tng nng sut, chuyn i ma v, tng v  tng sn lng, tng hiu qu s dng t; cc chng trnh khuyn nng chn nui tp trung vo ng dng cc ging vt nui lai c t l mu ngoi cao nh b lai hng tht, hng sa, ln lai hng nc, cc ging gia cm, thy cm lai chuyn tht, chuyn trng; cc chng trnh khuyn lm tp trung vo pht trin nng lm kt hp  ph xanh t trng, i ni trc, trng rng nguyn liu thm canh, pht trin cc loi cy lm nghip bn a; trong l)nh vc thy sn: cc chng trnh khuyn ng tp trung pht trin 5 l)nh vc trng im l: ci to ging thu sn; pht trin nui tm s; nui thu sn nc l, nc mn, nui bin o; nui thu sn nc ngt; khai thc hi sn xa b v bo v ngun li thu sn. - n na thp nin u th k 21, cc tin b k thut v ging cht lng cao, cc cng ngh canh tc hin i tng bc c ng dng vo sn xut. Hot ng khuyn nng giai on ny tp trung vo mc tiu chuyn i c cu sn xut  nng cao gi tr trn mi n v din tch t s dng. Bng vic y mnh chuyn i ging cy trng, vt nui, thay i ma v kt hp vi ng dng k thut thm canh tin b  thc y phong tro xy dng cnh ng thu nhp 50 triu ng/ha, thm ch hng trm triu ng/ha/nm pht trin rng khp trn ton quc. - T nm 2007, sau khi Vit Nam gia nhp WTO, bn cnh vic tip tc h tr ng dng k thut tng nng sut, sn lng  xo i gim ngho, ni dung hot ng khuyn nng  chuyn dn sang ch trng h tr cc i tng nng dn sn xut hng ho, p dng k thut thm canh hp l v cng ngh hin i  tng cht lng v v sinh an ton thc phm, ng thi ch trng bi dng nng cao k nng qun l nng tri v kin thc v th trng cho nng dn  tit kim chi ph sn xut, h gi thnh sn phm, tng kh nng cnh tranh ca nng sn Vit Nam trn th trng quc t, tng thu nhp cho nng dn v m bo pht trin bn vng. Cc chng trnh khuyn nng v p dng thc hnh nng nghip tt (GAP) trong sn xut nng, lm, thy sn; p dng k thut canh tc la theo "3 gim 3 tng", "1 phi 5 gim",  c gii ha ng b", ng dng nng nghip cng ngh cao, lin kt chui gi tr nng sn t sn xut n tiu th theo m hnh  cnh ng mu ,  trang tri mu & c trin khai rng ri v t kt qu rt tch cc. Trong nhng nm gn y, h thng khuyn nng c nc ang tch cc tham gia cc chng trnh mc tiu quc gia trong l)nh vc nng nghip v pht trin nng thn nh: Chng trnh o to ngh nng nghip cho lao ng nng thn, Chng trnh xy dng nng thn mi, Chng trnh v sinh an ton thc phm, Chng trnh phng trnh v thch ng vi bin i kh hu,& . III. Mt s thnh tu ni bt ca Khuyn nng Vit Nam 20 nm qua 1. Hot ng thng tin tuyn truyn khuyn nng ngy cng a dng v hnh thc, phong ph v ni dung v ch trng nng cao cht lng, hiu qu  Trung ng, trong nhng nm qua, c quan khuyn nng Trung ng  t chc c nhiu hot ng tuyn truyn khuyn nng c hiu qu nh: + T chc c gn 60 hi thi nhm bnh tuyn v tn vinh nhng tm gng nng dn sn xut kinh doanh gii, cn b khuyn nng nng ng sng to v cc sn phm cy trng, vt nui tin b  khuyn khch nng dn pht trin sn xut. + T chc thnh cng gn 50 Hi ch vi gn 7.000 gian hng nng nghip trng by, gii thiu thnh tu ng dng khoa hc k thut vo sn xut nng nghip; thu ht gn 1 triu lt ngi tham quan, mua sm v trao i kinh nghim sn xut. + T chc trn 120 din n Khuyn nng @ Nng nghip vi nhiu chuyn  theo cc l)nh vc v nhu cu thc t sn xut. Cc Din n thu ht trn 30.000 ngi tham d, trung bnh khong 260 i biu/din n, trong  trn 70% l ngi sn xut. + Phi hp vi cc c quan bo ch, i pht thanh, i truyn hnh Trung ng v khu vc  thng tin tuyn truyn chuyn giao tin b k thut vi gn 29.000 tin, bi, chuyn mc c cht lng tt, p ng c nhu cu sn xut ca nng dn. + Trang Web Khuyn nng Vit Nam c nh gi l trang bo in t c s ngi truy cp nhiu, vi bnh qun khong 24.000 lt ngi truy cp/ ngy (trong  c trn 70% l cn b khuyn nng v nng dn  cc a phng). + Pht hnh trn 100 s Bn tin Khuyn nng Vit Nam vi s lng hng triu bn; in v pht hnh gn 7.000 )a hnh, 60 u sch k thut nng nghip, hng nghn t gp cc loi vi s lng hng triu bn phc v hot ng khuyn nng cc cp v sn xut nng nghip  cc a phng.  a phng, h thng khuyn nng cc cp cing y mnh cng tc thng tin tuyn truyn vi cc ni dung v hnh thc phong ph, a dng, to iu kin cung cp thng tin tin b k thut, c ch chnh sch, gi c th trng kp thi cho nng dn. Mt s a phng c cc hot ng ni bt, in hnh nh Trung tm Khuyn nng cc tnh, thnh ph: Thanh Ha, Qung Tr, H T)nh, Bc Giang, H Ni, TP. H Ch Minh,& Ngoi nhng hnh thc thng tin chnh thc nu trn, mt s a phng c cc hnh thc tuyn truyn khuyn nng rt sng to v hiu qu nh: Cu lc b khuyn nng, t sch khuyn nng, im t vn, hi p khuyn nng, qun "c ph khuyn nng"  Tin Giang, ng Thp, An Giang; "Nhp cu khuyn nng" trn truyn hnh  Long An, V)nh Long, Cn Th,... Cng tc thng tin tuyn truyn khuyn nng  gp phn quan trng gip hng triu h nng dn nm bt cc ch trng, chnh sch ca ng, Nh nc v l)nh vc nng nghip v pht trin nng thn, tip cn c cc tin b khoa hc cng ngh mi, cc thng tin v th trng, gi c nng, lm, thy sn, cc kinh nghim v cc in hnh sn xut kinh doanh gii  tip tc nhn rng ra sn xut i tr. Kt qu kho st 2.400 h nng dn ti 30 tnh, thnh ph trong c nc cui nm 2012 cho thy: 74% nng dn c hi nh gi cc Din n Khuyn nng c tc dng tt i vi sn xut; 86% nng dn nh gi cc hi thi khuyn nng c tc dng thit thc; 80% nng dn nh gi cc hi ch nng nghip c tc dng thc y giao lu thng mi cho cc sn phm nng nghip  cc a phng; 98% nng dn nh gi cc ti liu khuyn nng c ni dung ph hp v thit thc i vi sn xut; khong 70% nng dn nh gi cc chuyn mc, chuyn trang, tin bi khuyn nng trn cc phng tin thng tin i chng ca Trung ng v a phng c ni dung thit thc v tc dng tt i vi sn xut. 2. Hot ng o to hun luyn khuyn nng c tng cng c chiu rng v chiu su Ni dung o to, tp hun khuyn nng phong ph, ph hp vi nhu cu ca cc i tng tp hun. Phng php o to thng xuyn c i mi vi cc phng php tin tin nh: phng php o to c s tham gia, phng php o to cho ngi ln tui, phng php o to ly ngi hc lm trung tm,... Hnh thc o to, tp hun khuyn nng cing khng ngng ci tin theo hng a dng, linh hot ph hp vi i tng, ni dung v iu kin c th. Bn cnh cc hnh thc o to, tp hun truyn thng nh o to ti lp hc v hin trng; tham quan trao i kinh nghim trong v ngoi nc, cc hnh thc o to, hun luyn tin tin cing tng bc c p dng c kt qu tt nh o to t xa thng qua truyn hnh, internet (e-learning, online training).  thng nht phng php v nng cao tnh chuyn nghip trong cng tc o to hun luyn khuyn nng trn phm vi ton quc, trong hai thp k qua, c quan khuyn nng Trung ng  bin son 40 b ti liu v 30 b cng c tp hun mu v khuyn nng v hng trm )a hnh chuyn giao k thut  cp cho cc cn b khuyn nng a phng v pht trn truyn hnh (VTV2, VTC16,& ), trn internet  mi i tng quan tm c th truy cp hoc theo di trc tip; t chc c trn 6.000 lp tp hun vi hn 210.000 lt ngi tham gia. ng thi t chc hng chc on tham quan hc tp trong nc v quc t vi gn 900 lt ngi tham gia, to iu kin nng cao nng lc v nghip v, trnh  chuyn mn theo tng chuyn ngnh cho i ngi cn b khuyn nng cc cp v nng dn. Cng vi khuyn nng Trung ng, h thng khuyn nng a phng cing  t chc hng chc ngn lp tp hun cho hng triu lt nng dn vi cc chuyn  phc v sn xut nng nghip ca a phng. Ngoi ra, h thng cc trng i hc nng nghip, cc vin nghin cu, cc t chc on th, cc doanh nghip v cc t chc phi chnh ph trong nc v nc ngoi cing t chc nhiu kha o to, tp hun cho hng chc ngn lt cn b khuyn nng v nng dn vi cc chuyn  rt thit thc v hiu qu. T nm 2010 n nay, h thng khuyn nng  tch cc tham gia chng trnh mc tiu quc gia v o to ngh nng nghip cho lao ng nng thn. T chc hng trm lp bi dng v cp chng ch  K nng s phm dy ngh cho lc lng cn b khuyn nng cc cp, n nay c nc  c 2.500 cn b khuyn nng cc cp c o to v c  iu kin  tham gia ging dy cc lp o to ngh nng nghip cho lao ng nng thn. n nay  c 32/63 c quan khuyn nng tnh, thnh ph  c cp ng k dy ngh nng nghip cho lao ng nng thn. Hng nm mi tnh o to c khong 1.000 nng dn t ngun kinh ph Trung ng v a phng. Cng tc o to hun luyn khuyn nng  ng vai tr ch lc  nng cao nng lc cho cn b khuyn nng cc cp, trang b kin thc khoa hc k thut, kinh nghim sn xut v k nng qun l nng tri ca ngi nng dn. Kt qa kho st cui nm 2012 cho thy: 86% nng dn nh gi cc chng trnh o to, tp hun khuyn nng c ni dung ph hp v c hiu qu, tc dng tt i vi sn xut ca b con nng dn v trn 90% nng dn  p dng thnh cng cc kin thc  hc vo sn xut. 3. Cc chng trnh, d n xy dng v nhn rng m hnh trnh din khuyn nng c trin khai kh ton din, c tc ng tch cc i vi sn xut v i sng ca nng dn a/ L)nh vc trng trt: Cc chng trnh, d n khuyn nng rt a dng v gn vi ch trng u tin pht trin cc sn phm hng ha c li th cnh tranh  tng giai on, tng vng, min c th. Nhiu chng trnh, d n khuyn nng trng trt  pht huy hiu qu to ln i vi sn xut, in hnh nh: - Chng trnh khuyn nng la lai, ng lai: trc thp k 90 ca Th k trc, din tch la lai ca Vit Nam cha ng k, thng qua chng trnh khuyn nng pht trin la lai, n nay din tch gieo cy la lai trong c nc t khong 650 - 700 ngn ha/nm, nng sut la trung bnh tng cao hn la thun khong 15 t/ha, lm tng sn lng trn 1,2 triu tn thc/nm. Chng trnh khuyn nng ng lai  to c s tng trng nhanh v vng chc trong sn xut ng ca Vit Nam t ch t l s dng ging ng lai ca nc ta < 10% trc nm 1995, n nay ng lai  chim trn 95% din tch ng ton quc, vi b ging ng lai rt phong ph, gm nhiu ging ng lai ng hng u th gii v nng sut, cht lng, cng vi cc tin b k thut v tng v ng  cc vng trng ng ch lc  ng bng sng Hng, Min ni pha Bc, Ty Nguyn v ng Nam B  gp phn quan trng a din tch ng ca Vit Nam tng gp 2,2 ln, nng sut ng bnh qun tng 1,25 ln v sn lng ng tng 2,7 ln trong 2 thp k va qua. Nhiu tnh min ni pha Bc, min Trung v Ty Nguyn, nng sut v sn lng lng thc tng nhanh v bn vng nh a la lai, ng lai chim t l cao trong c cu gip tng nhanh sn lng lng thc, xa i gim ngho rt hiu qu. - Cc chng trnh khuyn nng pht trin lc, u tng, ma, rau u thc phm, nm n v nm dc liu, cy n qu, ch, c ph, cao su ... cing c trin khai vi vic p dng ng b cc tin b k thut t ging mi, k thut thm canh, thu hoch v ch bin... gp phn thc y cc ngnh hng sn xut ny pht trin ton din c v nng sut, sn lng, cht lng v hiu qu kinh t, tng thu nhp cho nng dn v gp phn chuyn dch c cu sn xut theo hng tin b. - Chng trnh khuyn nng chuyn i c cu sn xut  cc vng  gp phn thay i phng thc canh tc theo hng pht huy mt thun li th mnh, n trnh v khc phc cc yu t bt li  tng vng  sn xut t hiu qu cao, bn vng, hnh thnh cc vng sn xut hng ha chuyn canh gn vi cng nghip ch bin v xut khu. Bnh qun gi tr sn xut/ha t canh tc tng t 10,5 triu ng nm 1995 ln 42,7 triu ng/ha nm 2010. Mt s kt qu ni bt ca Chng trnh ny l : + M rng tr la Xun mun v p dng k thut lm m dy xc c che ph nilon, gieo thng thay th tr la Xun sm v Xun Trung gieo m dc  ng bng sng Hng. + Tng thm v ng gia 2 v la  vng Bc vi c cu cy trng phong ph, to thm sn phm hng ha, to thm vic lm v tng thu nhp cho hng trm ngn h nng dn. + S dng khong 200 ngn ha t b ha v Xun  min ni pha Bc  gieo trng thm v ng, u tng, lc, khoai ty, rau v cy thc n gia sc. + Chuyn c cu 3 v la bp bnh sang 2 v la n chc hoc 2 v la + 1 v mu H Thu  Duyn hi Nam Trung B, m bo n trnh thin tai, sn xut n nh. + Chuyn t gieo s la lin tc trong nm sang gieo s theo tng tr, tng t, thu hp tr la Xun H, m rng tr la Thu ng...  hn ch su bnh, gim p lc trong khu thu hoch, phi sy v tiu th, ch ng ng ph vi hn mn v li. + Chuyn i mt phn din tch t rung ng tring  ng bng sng Hng, t nhim mn  ng bng sng Cu Long sang nui trng thy sn chuyn canh hoc kt hp la - c, la - tm; chuyn mt s din tch t rung cao khng ch ng ti  vng trung du min ni sang trng cy mu, cy cng nghip, cy n qu, cy thc n gia sc. b/ L)nh vc chn nui: Cc chng trnh, d n khuyn nng chn nui tp trung ng dng cc tin b k thut v ci to ging, p dng cc ging vt nui t nng sut, cht lng cao; chuyn i t chn nui phn tn, qung canh sang chn nui gia tri, trang tri thm canh; ng dng cc tin b k thut v dinh dng thc n, phng tr dch bnh, m bo cc yu cu cht lng v v sinh an ton thc phm, phc v nhu cu tiu dng trong nc v xut khu. Mt s chng trnh khuyn nng tiu biu trong l)nh vc ny l: Chng trnh ci to n b, Chng trnh pht trin b sa, Chng trnh pht trin ln lai hng nc, Chng trnh chn nui gia cm, thy cm an ton sinh hc, Chng trnh chn nui an ton sinh hc v p dng VietGAP,... Cc chng trnh, d n khuyn nng chn nui  gp phn nng cao cht lng n gia sc, gia cm, tng nng sut v hiu qu kinh t trong chn nui, thay i tp qun chn nui t qung canh, tn dng l chnh sang chn nui tp trung c u t, thm canh gn vi m bo sc khe cng ng v bo v mi trng sinh thi. c/ L)nh vc khuyn lm: Cc chng trnh, d n khuyn lm c trin khai vi nhiu ni dung phong ph, thit thc, vi trng tm l ng dng cc tin b v ging v k thut lm sinh  trng rng thm canh, pht trin cc loi cy rng c nng sut cao, cht lng ph hp, pht trin cy lm sn ngoi g lm dc liu, lm thc phm; y mnh canh tc nng lm kt hp, gn vic trng rng vi to thu nhp, nng cao i sng v gii quyt cng n vic lm, xa i gim ngho v vn ln lm giu t rng. Cc m hnh khuyn lm  thc hin trng mi c khong 86 ngn ha rng trnh din trn a bn 40 tnh, ch yu l cc tnh min ni pha Bc, min Trung v Ty Nguyn vi 58.350 h nng dn tham gia. Thng qua cc chng trnh khuyn lm  gp phn thay i c nhn thc ca ngi nng dn t sn xut lm nghip t nhin, qung canh, da vo khai thc rng t nhin sang pht trin vn rng theo hng thm canh, tng nng sut, cht lng, tng  che ph rng t 35% trong thp k 90 ln n 48% vo nm 2011, gp phn m bo an ninh quc phng  cc vng bin gii, hi o. d/ L)nh vc khuyn ng: Cc chng trnh, d n khuyn ng cing khng ngng c y mnh, gp phn rt quan trng thc y ngnh Thy sn pht trin vt bc trong 2 thp nin gn y. Trong giai on t nm 1993 n 2007 cng tc khuyn ng  xy dng c hn 9.000 m hnh trnh din, nhp v chuyn giao hn 70 cng ngh, t chc gn 28.000 lp tp hun cho khong 1,3 triu ngi, 128 lp tp hun xo i gim ngho cho 2.700 lt ngi tham d. Thng qua cc chng trnh trng im nh: chng trnh pht trin nui tm s, tm th chn trng, chng trnh nui thy sn nc mn, l, chng trnh nui thy sn nc ngt, chng trnh pht trin ging thy sn, chng trnh khai thc hi sn xa b v bo v ngun li thu sn  gp phn nng cao nhn thc v kin thc khoa hc k thut cho nng, ng dn, thay i su sc v phng thc sn xut thy sn t ch ch yu da vo khai thc v nui th qung canh sang nui trng bn thm canh v thm canh, t nui t pht phn tn sang nui trng tp trung theo quy hoch, gn vi c s ch bin, xut khu, to ngun thu xut khu ngoi t ng k cho t nc: nm 2008 t 4,5 t USD v n nm 2011 t trn 6,1 t USD. e/ L)nh vc c gii ho, bo qun v ch bin nng lm sn: Cc chng trnh, d n cing c trin khai v t kt qu tch cc nhm gip nng dn tng nng sut lao ng, gim lao ng nng nhc, gim tn tht trong khu thu hoch v sau thu hoch. Thng qua cc chng trnh, d n  gp phn a nhanh c gii ha trong sn xut nng nghip c bit l cc khu lm t, ti tiu, thu hoch, vn chuyn. 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Nhng a phng i u trong chng trnh ny l TP. H Ch Minh, H Ni, Hi Phng, Lm ng, V)nh Phc, Cn Th& . 4. Hot ng hp tc quc t v khuyn nng  c nhiu c gng, gp phn nng cao nng lc v v th ca h thng khuyn nng Vit Nam trong khu vc v quc t Hin ti, Trung tm Khuyn nng Quc gia l u mi ca B Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn trong chng trnh hp tc cc nc thnh vin ASEAN v o to v khuyn nng (AWGATE). Trung tm Khuyn nng Quc gia v mt s t chc khuyn nng a phng cing phi hp tham gia nhiu d n, hot ng hp tc quc t v khuyn nng do cc quc gia v cc t chc quc t ti tr. Hng nm, Trung tm Khuyn nng Quc gia t chc 2- 3 on kho st, hc tp nc ngoi; c hng trm lt cn b khuyn nng cc cp tham d nhiu kha hc, hi tho, tp hun v khuyn nng ti Hn Quc, Thy S, Israel, Nht, M, Australia, i Loan, Thi Lan, Trung Quc& . H thng khuyn nng  nhiu tnh, thnh ph cing  tch cc tham gia cc d n hp tc quc t c ni dung hot ng khuyn nng vi cc quc gia, cc t chc quc t nh: WB, ADB, IFAD, FAO v cc t chc NGO quc t. Thng qua cc d n, chng trnh hp tc quc t, nng lc ca h thng khuyn nng Trung ng v nhiu a phng c tng cng r rt. Khong 500.000 lt cn b khuyn nng v nng dn c tham gia tp hun v k nng, phng php khuyn nng, v kin thc k thut, ngoi ng, nhiu c quan khuyn nng c h tr v c s vt cht, trang thit b, phng tin hot ng t cc d n m h thng khuyn nng  phi hp thc hin. 5. H thng khuyn nng cing tch cc thc hin cc nhim v chung ca ngnh nng nghip v PTNT  Trung ng v a phng nh : tuyn truyn, ph bin cc vn bn quy phm php lut; hng dn quy trnh sn xut, tng hp v bo co tin  sn xut .... c bit trong cng tc phng chng, khc phc hu qu ca thin tai, cc chin dch phng tr dch bnh trn cy trng, vt nui, lc lng khuyn nng lun tham gia vi vai tr xung kch. ng thi h thng khuyn nng cc cp cing ch ng  xut, trc tip ch tr hoc phi hp thc hin nhiu  ti, d n nghin cu, chuyn giao khoa hc cng ngh ca Trung ng v a phng. Trong nhng nm gn y, h thng khuyn nng  v ang tch cc tham gia phong tro xy dng nng thn mi vi nhng ni dung c th, thit thc nh: tham gia xy dng quy hoch v hng dn thc hin quy hoch sn xut nng nghip, xy dng m hnh chuyn i c cu sn xut, ng dng khoa hc k thut ti cc x im nng thn mi  tng thu nhp cho nng dn; o to, bi dng, truyn ngh cho nng dn  chuyn i ngh, chuyn i c cu lao ng trong nng thn; tham gia xy dng, pht trin c s h tng v bo v mi trng nng thn. Nhng n lc, phn u v nhng ng gp quan trng trn y ca H thng khuyn nng Vit Nam trong hai thp k qua  c hng triu h nng dn trong c nc khng nh, c ng, Nh nc ghi nhn v tng thng Hun chng Lao ng hng Ba, hng Hai v hng Nht cng nhiu C thi ua, Bng khen ca Chnh ph v B Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn. IV. Mt s tn ti, hn ch cn khc phc v bi hc kinh ngim Bn cnh nhng thnh tu quan trng trn y, hot ng ca h thng khuyn nng Vit Nam trong thi gian qua cing bc l mt s tn ti, hn ch: 1. H thng t chc, chc nng nhim v cha thng nht a/  Trung ng: nhim v qun l nh nc v khuyn nng hin ti cn phn tn, thiu u mi thng nht  mnh  qun l, ch o ton b h thng khuyn nng c nc. b/  a phng: Mc d Ngh nh 02/2010/N-CP  thng nht tn gi khuyn nng bao gm c khuyn nng, khuyn lm, khuyn ng v quy nh h thng t chc khuyn nng chuyn trch  a phng bao gm 3 cp: cp tnh, cp huyn v cp c s (x, thn, bn). Tuy nhin, hin nay m hnh t chc khuyn nng  cc a phng rt khc nhau: + Cp tnh: hin c 60/63 tnh, thnh ph giao ton din cc nhim v khuyn nng theo Ngh nh 02/2010/N-CP cho c quan khuyn nng tnh, cn 03 tnh (Long An, Tuyn Quang, in Bin) cha giao nhim v khuyn ng v Trung tm Khuyn nng tnh m giao cho Trung tm thy sn tnh. C 27 tnh, thnh ph ly tn gi thng nht l Trung tm Khuyn nng, cn 36 tnh vn ly tn gi l Trung tm Khuyn nng- Khuyn ng hoc Trung tm Khuyn nng Khuyn lm, Trung tm Khuyn nng lm ng, Trung tm Khuyn ng, nng, lm,.... + Cp huyn: Hin nay c 34/63 (54%) s tnh, thnh ph t chc m hnh Trm khuyn nng cp huyn trc thuc Trung tm Khuyn nng cp tnh, s cn li Trm khuyn nng huyn trc thuc UBND cp huyn hoc trc thuc Phng Nng nghip, Phng Kinh t huyn. Ring tnh Lm ng cha thnh lp Trm khuyn nng chuyn trch cp huyn m thnh lp Trung tm Nng nghip cp huyn (bao gm nhiu l)nh vc: khuyn nng, bo v thc vt, th y, kim lm...). + Cp c s: Mng li khuyn nng c s l lc lng thng xuyn trc tip gn b vi nng dn. Tuy nhin ton quc hin vn cn 12 tnh cha xy dng mng li khuyn nng c s. V ch  tr lng, ph cp cho cn b khuyn nng c s, hin ti cc tnh, thnh ph thc hin cing rt khc nhau. C khong 30 s tnh, thnh ph tr lng cho KNVCS theo trnh  o to, trong  c nhng tnh iu kin ngn sch kh khn nh : H Giang, Yn Bi, Bc Giang, C Mau... Tuy nhin nhiu tnh, thnh ph khc ch tr ph cp cho KNVCS vi mc t 0,5 - 1,0 h s lng c bn. Tnh trng cha thng nht v m hnh t chc, chc nng, nhim v ca h thng khuyn nng cc cp v ch  i ng cha ph hp, nht l i vi cn b KNVCS l mt trong nhng yu t hn ch trong hot ng khuyn nng hin nay. 2. Cht lng v nng lc ca cn b khuyn nng, nht l cn b khuyn nng c s cha ng u Phn ln cn b khuyn nng c kinh nghim thc tin v c tm huyt vi ngh, thng xuyn gn b vi nng dn. Nhiu cn b tch cc hc tp nng cao trnh  v phng php, k nng hot ng khuyn nng  nng cao hiu qu hot ng khuyn nng. Tuy nhin, trong qu trnh pht trin, mt s cn b khuyn nng cc cp c iu ng lun chuyn sang v tr cng tc khc, cc cn b mi c b sung cn thiu kinh nghim v tnh chuyn nghip v cng tc khuyn nng. Mt b phn khng nh cn b KNVCS cha qua o to v chuyn mn nghip v; mt s cn b khuyn nng cha tht chuyn tm vi cng vic, cha su st thc tin, hot ng cn mang nng tnh hnh chnh. Cht lng ca i ngi cn b nh hng trc tip n cht lng cng tc khuyn nng. Do  vic o to, bi dng nng cao kin thc, nng lc cho i ngi cn b khuyn nng cc cp l yu cu cp thit, thng xuyn ca h thng khuyn nng. 3. Ngun lc v phng thc u t cho hot ng khuyn nng cn cha hp l Trong thp nin u mi thnh lp (1993- 2003), ngun lc u t ca nh nc cho khuyn nng cn thp, nhng vic t chc hot ng theo cc chng trnh khuyn nng trng im cp quc gia  tp trung s ch o thng nht v huy ng ngun lc t trung ng n a phng v tranh th s h tr quc t nn hot ng khuyn nng   to c nhng s bt ph r rt trn mt s l)nh vc sn xut ch lc, trng im. Tuy nhin,  thp nin tip theo, vic cp nht, iu chnh, b sung cc chng trnh khuyn nng trng im cha kp thi, hot ng khuyn nng theo k hoch hng nm nn thiu nh hng chin lc, thiu s lng ghp gn kt cht ch gia ngun lc ca trung ng v a phng, ngun lc ca nh nc v khu vc ngoi nh nc, gia ngun lc trong nc v quc t nn u t va phn tn, dn tri, va chng cho, nhiu ni dung u t hiu qu cha cao. Ngh nh 02/2010/N-CP  phn cp r: kinh ph khuyn nng Trung ng u t cho cc chng trnh, d n cp quc gia, vng, min; kinh ph khuyn nng a phng u t cho cc chng trnh d n khuyn nng ca a phng. Tuy nhin hin nay, ngun lc u t cho khuyn nng  cc a phng rt khc nhau. Kt qu kho st cui nm 2012 cho thy: c 56,6% s tnh, thnh ph b tr tng ngun kinh ph khuyn nng a phng, 20% s tnh, thnh ph ngun kinh khuyn nng gim so vi trc khi c Ngh nh 02/2010/N-CP v khuyn nng. c bit l nhiu tnh vng Min ni pha Bc, vng Duyn hi Nam Trung B v Ty Nguyn, vng ng bng sng Cu Long, nhng ni rt cn y mnh hot ng khuyn nng nhng do ngn sch kh khn nn kinh ph khuyn nng rt hn ch. L quc gia nng nghip vi gn 70% dn s sng  khu vc nng thn nhng kinh ph u t cho khuyn nng ca Vit Nam nhn chung cn rt khim tn. Nm 2012, tng kinh ph khuyn nng Trung ng v a phng t xp x 550 t ng, bnh qun mi h nng dn c u t khong 50.000 ng (tng ng 2,5 USD), trong khi mt s quc gia nng nghip trong khu vc nh Thi Lan, Malaixia, Philipin, Indonesia... mc u t bnh qun t 50- 80 USD/h nng dn. 5. C ch, chnh sch khuyn nng cn mt s bt cp Trong hai thp k qua, mc d c ch chnh sch khuyn nng  c thay i theo tng giai on, tuy nhin vn cn nhng im bt cp cn tip tc iu chnh, b sung cho ph hp vi nhu cu ca thc tin sn xut. - V c ch h tr khuyn nng: Cha c s phn bit r v khuyn nng phc v xa i gim ngho v khuyn nng phc v sn xut hng ha. C ch h tr khuyn nng hin ti ch yu ph hp vi m hnh nng h sn xut quy m nh v trnh  cng ngh trung bnh kh, cha to ng lc mnh i vi h sn xut hng ha quy m ln v trnh  cng ngh cao. - Vic phn cp ngn sch u t kinh ph cho hot ng khuyn nng gia Trung ng v a phng v u t kinh ph khuyn nng theo chng trnh, d n l cn thit. Tuy nhin, do cha c c ch iu phi chung dn n s phn b ngun lc u t gia cc vng, min cha hp l: phn ln cc tnh, thnh ph vng ng bng, vng  th c iu kin u t ngn sch a phng thun li th cing tp trung nhiu d n t ngun kinh ph khuyn nng Trung ng, trong khi cc tnh min ni, vng ng bng sng Cu long kinh ph a phng u t cho khuyn nng rt hn ch, nhng kinh ph t cc d n khuyn nng trung ng cing thp nn hot ng khuyn nng gp nhiu kh khn. - Bn cht ca hot ng khuyn nng l phi li nhun, vic thc hin x hi ha cng tc khuyn nng l cn thit nhng cha quy nh c th v c ch kim sot hot ng ca cc t chc khuyn nng ngoi nh nc nn nhiu hot ng cn mang tnh t pht, cha c s kim sot ca nh nc i vi mc ch, ni dung khuyn nng ngoi nh nc. - Cn b khuyn nng, c bit l cn b khuyn nng  min ni, vng ng bo dn tc, vng su vng xa thng xuyn trc tip gn b vi nng dn, iu kin lm vic vt v, thu nhp rt thp nhng cha c chnh sch i ng tng xng  thu ht cn b gii v ng vin cn b nhit tnh, tm huyt vi cng vic. Nhng kh khn, tn ti trn y cn sm c quan tm tho g, khc phc  nng cao hn na hiu qu hot ng khuyn nng. V. Mt s bi hc kinh nghim T thc tin xy dng v pht trin 20 nm qua c th rt ra mt s bi hc kinh nghim cho hot ng khuyn nng ca nc ta nh sau: 1. S quan tm ch o ca cp y, chnh quyn cc cp v phi hp cht ch ca cc ngnh lin quan l tin  quan trng  cng tc khuyn nng thnh cng Thc t va qua, nhiu a phng mc d iu kin kinh t - x hi cn rt kh khn, nhng cp y, chnh quyn a phng nhn thc ng vai tr cng tc khuyn nng v c s ch o su st, tch cc, c nh hng v gii php tt th t chc khuyn nng pht trin mnh v hot ng khuyn nng c hiu qu cao, sn xut pht trin v nng dn phn khi. Ngc li, ni no cp y, chnh quyn t quan tm, ch o khng su st, c th th hot ng khuyn nng rt kh khn, lng tng. 2. Nng lc i ngi cn b khuyn nng c vai tr quyt nh i vi cht lng cng tc khuyn nng Hot ng khuyn nng l hot ng thc tin, mi trng hot ng l nng thn, i tng phc v l nng dn vi nhu cu rt a dng, do  i hi cn b khuyn nng phi va c kin thc chuyn mn vng, am hiu nhiu l)nh vc, c kinh nghim thc tin, nng ng sng to v tm huyt vi ngh nghip, khng ngi kh khn vt v mi gn gii, gn b v to c nim tin vi nng dn, nht l nng dn vng su vng xa, vng dn tc thiu s. Thc t nhng nm qua, nhiu a phng mc d iu kin c s vt cht k thut, phng tin v ngun lc u t cho khuyn nng cn rt hn ch, nhng lm tt cng tc tuyn chn, o to, bi dng v c chnh sch ng vin ph hp th nng lc i ngi cn b khuyn nng c ci thin, hot ng u tay v c hiu qu cao. Ngc li, ni no thiu quan tm bi dng, o to th cht lng i ngi cn b khuyn nng c nhiu hn ch, hot ng lng tng, hiu qu thp. 3. Phi kt hp hi ha gia phng php khuyn nng c s tham gia ca nng dn v phng php khuyn nng theo chng trnh mc tiu  nng cao hiu qu cng tc khuyn nng. Trong  phng php khuyn nng c s tham gia (tip cn t di ln) l nn tng  xy dng cc chng trnh khuyn nng mc tiu. Phng php khuyn nng theo chng trnh mc tiu nhm nh hng u tin, tp trung ngun lc v s ch o cho hot ng khuyn nng theo tng l)nh vc, tng i tng, a bn v thi gian c th. 4. Ni dung hot ng khuyn nng cn lun bm st ch trng, nh hng ca ngnh nng nghip v nhu cu ca thc tin sn xut, ca nng dn, thng xuyn cp nht cc tin b khoa hc cng ngh v cc in hnh tin tin. Phi kt hp cht ch gia 3 l)nh vc hot ng chnh ca cng tc khuyn nng l: (i) thng tin, tuyn truyn; (ii) o to, hun luyn; (iii) xy dng v nhn rng m hnh trnh din. Phi ch trng c vic chuyn giao khoa k thut v bi dng kin thc sn xut kinh doanh, cung cp thng tin th trng cho nng dn. Trong tng l)nh vc phi a dng ha hnh thc thc hin  ph hp vi i tng, ni dung v mi trng hot ng c th. Nhng nguyn tc chung l phi coi nng dn l ch th, khuyn khch v to iu kin  nng dn ch ng, t gic tham gia mi hot ng khuyn nng, cn b khuyn nng l ngi hng dn, ng vin, h tr, khng lm thay nng dn. 5. Phi kt hp cht ch gia hot ng ca h thng khuyn nng nh nc v cc t chc khuyn nng ngoi nh nc, tng cng hp tc quc t  huy ng nhiu ngun lc u t, chia s thng tin, kinh nghim hot ng khuyn nng. ng thi cn c c ch qun l, kim tra, gim st  m mi hot ng khuyn nng u tun th ng php lut mang li li ch thit thc cho nng dn. Phn II MC TIU V NH HNG HOT NG KHUYN NNG VIT NAM N NM 2020 I. Bi cnh Trong nhng nm ti, hot ng ca h thng khuyn nng Vit Nam c nhiu thun li, ng thi cing c nhng kh khn thch thc cn vt qua. 1. Thun li Cc ch trng, chnh sch ca ng v Nh nc v tng cng u t cho nng nghip v pht trin nng thn, s to tin   cng tc khuyn nng tip tc c quan tm u t p ng nhu cu ca sn xut nng nghip v nng dn. Chng trnh ti c cu ngnh nng nghip v phong tro xy dng nng thn mi ang c trin khai su rng trong c nc, s to c hi mi  h thng khuyn nng m rng ni dung v phm vi hot ng. Cc tin b khoa hc cng ngh nng nghip trong nc v quc t pht trin nhanh chng, h thng khuyn nng c nhiu c hi tip cn, la chon v chuyn giao cho nng dn. Qua 20 nm xy dng v pht trin, h thng t chc v lc lng cn b khuyn nng c nc  khng ngng ln mnh, tch liy c nhiu kinh nghim thc tin  tip tc t chc hot ng tt hn trong thi gian ti. Nn nng nghip nc ta ang ngy cng hi nhp su rng v c v th quan trng trong nn nng nghip quc t. H thng khuyn nng cing c nhiu c hi  hp tc, tip cn vi cc phng php khuyn nng hin i ca cc nc c nn nng nghip tin tin trn th gii. 2. Kh khn, thch thc  pht trin nng nghip theo hng cng nghip ha, hin i ha, nhu cu ca thc tin sn xut v ca nng dn v khoa hc cng ngh v kin thc qun l kinh doanh ngy cng cao v a dng, i hi h thng khuyn nng phi khng ngng i mi, cp nht v nm vng chuyn mn, ci tin ni dung v phng php hot ng  p ng nhu cu . Thc hin x hi ha cng tc khuyn nng, nhiu t chc, c nhn cng tham gia hot ng khuyn nng, to p lc cnh tranh i hi h thng khuyn nng nh nc phi khng ngng vn ln, xng ng vi vai tr l lc lng nng ct, hng dn, hp tc vi cc lc lng khuyn nng ngoi nh nc  ph bin, chuyn giao tin b k thut cho nng dn. C ch kinh t th trng v quy lut pht trin khng ng u ang lm cho s phn cc v thu nhp gia cc tng lp dn c, gia cc vng, min gia cc ngnh ngh trong x hi ngy cng su sc. Hot ng khuyn nng vt v nhng thu nhp thp ang l thch thc i vi vic nng cao cht lng i ngi cn b khuyn nng hin nay. 3. nh hng pht trin chung ca ngnh nng nghip Xy dng nn nng nghip pht trin ton din theo hng hin i, bn vng, sn xut hng ho tp trung quy m ln, c nng sut, cht lng, hiu qu, pht huy th mnh tng ngnh hng v kh nng cnh tranh cao, m bo vng chc an ninh lng thc quc gia c trc mt v lu di. Xy dng nng thn mi c kt cu h tng kinh t - x hi hin i; c cu kinh t v cc hnh thc t chc sn xut hp l, gn nng nghip vi pht trin nhanh cng nghip, dch v,  th theo quy hoch; x hi nng thn n nh, giu bn sc vn ho dn tc; dn tr c nng cao, mi trng sinh thi c bo v; h thng chnh tr  nng thn di s lnh o ca ng c tng cng. Khng ngng nng cao i sng vt cht, tinh thn ca dn c nng thn, hi ho gia cc vng, to s chuyn bin nhanh hn  cc vng cn nhiu kh khn; nng dn c o to c trnh  sn xut ngang bng vi cc nc tin tin trong khu vc v  bn l)nh chnh tr, ng vai tr lm ch nng thn mi. II. Mc tiu v nhim v trng tm ca h thng khuyn nng thi gian ti 1. Mc tiu Pht huy nhng thnh tch v kinh nghim t c trong 20 nm qua, bm st nh hng pht trin ca ngnh nng nghip v nhu cu ca nng dn, tn dng tt c hi v vt qua thch thc, khng ngng i mi ni dung v phng thc hot ng  nng cao hiu qu hot ng khuyn nng, gp phn tch cc vo thc hin thng li mc tiu cng nghip ha, hin i ha nng nghip nng thn nc ta v ch ng hp tc vi khuyn nng trong khu vc v th gii. 2. Mt s nhim v khuyn nng trng tm  t mc tiu , h thng khuyn nng c nc cn tp trung trin khai tt mt s nhim v khuyn nng trng tm sau y: Mt l: Bm st chin lc pht trin ca ngnh nng nghip v pht trin nng thn n 2020, c bit l ch trng ti c cu ngnh theo hng tng cng p dng khoa hc cng ngh tin tin  nng cao cht lng, v sinh an ton thc phm, nng cao gi tr gia tng, hiu qu, kh nng cnh tranh v pht trin bn vng.  khc phc tnh trng u t ngun lc khuyn nng phn tn, dn tri, h thng khuyn nng t Trung ng n a phng cn cn c vo nh hng ti c cu sn xut ca ngnh v iu kin thc t tng vng, min  xy dng cc chng trnh, d n khuyn nng trng im cp quc gia v chng trnh khuyn nng c th cp tnh. Cc chng trnh khuyn nng trng im cn hng vo phc v trc tip cc Chng trnh mc tiu quc gia trong l)nh vc nng nghip v pht trin nng thn nh: Chng trnh an ton v sinh thc phm, Chng trnh xy dng nng thn mi, Chng trnh o to ngh nng nghip cho lao ng nng thn, Chng trnh gim thiu v thch ng vi bin i kh hu... Trc ht u tin ngun lc u t cho mt s chng trnh, d n khuyn khch pht trin nhng sn phm hng ha c li th cnh tranh, c th trng tiu th v nhng a bn cn nhiu tim nng pht trin, la chn cc tin b khoa hc cng ngh c kh nng to s chuyn bin r rt trn phm vi rng v cht lng v hiu qu kinh t, bn vng v mi trng. Hai l: khng ngng ci tin, i mi ni dung v phng php hot ng  nng cao hiu qu cng tc khuyn nng. Ni dung hot ng khuyn nng cn c th, thng xuyn cp nht cc tin b khoa hc cng ngh tin b, cc kinh nghim, in hnh tin tin, st vi thc tin sn xut ca a phng v iu kin ca h nng dn. Cn trnh c hai khuynh hng khng tt l bo th, ngi tip cn chuyn giao cng ngh mi hoc nng vi, ch quan trong chuyn giao cng ngh, k thut mi dn n gy thit hi cho nng dn. Bn cnh cng tc ph bin, chuyn giao khoa hc cng ngh, hot ng khuyn nng cn tng cng bi dng kin thc t chc qun l nng tri, kin thc kinh doanh, cung cp thng tin, tng cng kt ni cc i tc trong chui gi tr hng ha nng sn  gip nng dn ch ng tham gia vo th trng cng ngh, vt t v nng sn  nng cao hiu qu sn xut, kinh doanh. a dng ha cc phng php v phng tin khuyn nng, c bit y mnh ng dng cng ngh thng tin, k thut s vo hot ng tuyn truyn, o to khuyn nng  tng kh nng tip cn ca nng dn vi cc knh thng tin khuyn nng. Tip tc m rng cc m hnh hot ng dch v, t vn khuyn nng trc tip ti cc din n, cc cu lc b khuyn nng hoc trn cc phng tin truyn thng, in thoi, internet...  p ng kp thi nhu cu a dng ca nng dn. Ba l: tip tc kin ton h thng t chc v bi dng, nng cao cht lng i ngi cn b khuyn nng cc cp  p ng nhu cu ca thc tin sn xut v mong i ca nng dn. - V t chc:  Trung ng: B Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn tip tc r sot, iu chnh chc nng nhim v ca cc n v thuc B  m c u mi thng nht qun l nh nc v u mi t chc thc hin nhim v khuyn nng Trung ng.  a phng:  ngh y ban nhan dn cc tnh, thnh ph cn c vo Ngh nh 02/2010/N-CP v iu kin c th ca a phng  kin ton h thng t chc khuyn nng theo hng: thng nht mt n v lm nhim v khuyn nng cp tnh (gm c nhim v khuyn ng) l Trung tm Khuyn nng tnh. Nhng tnh cha c Trm khuyn nng cp huyn cn sm thnh lp Trm khuyn nng chuyn trch. Cc a phng cha c mng li khuyn nng c s cn sm xy dng v c chnh sch ph hp  thu ht cn b c trnh  chuyn mn v c kinh nghim thc tin tham gia mng li ny, u tin cn b ti a phng, nht l vng ni cao, vng ng bo dn tc thiu s  m bo hot ng khuyn nng n nh v hiu qa. - V o to, bi dng ngun nhn lc: Trong nhng nm ti, cng tc o to, bi dng nng cao nng lc v cht lng i ngi cn b khuyn nng c ngh)a quyt nh  nng cao hiu qu cng tc khuyn nng. Trong o to, bi dng cn b cn coi trng c bi dng kin thc chuyn mn k thut v phng php, k nng hot ng khuyn nng, ng dng cc phng php khuyn nng tin tin  nng cao tnh chuyn nghip ca i ngi cn b khuyn nng cc cp, nht l cn b khuyn nng cp c s. Bn l: Tip tc b sung, hon thin c ch chnh sch khuyn nng. Phm vi p dng chnh sch khuyn nng cn c m rng hn cho ph hp vi nh hng ti c cu ngnh. Bn cnh cc chnh sch h tr khuyn khch ng dng khoa hc cng ngh vo sn xut nh hin nay theo Ngh nh 02/2010/N-CP ca Chnh ph, cn b sung chnh sch khuyn khch p dng sn xut an ton theo GAP, chnh sch khuyn khch xy dng cc m hnh lin kt sn xut - tiu th theo chui gi tr sn phm, cc m hnh gim thiu v thch ng vi bin i kh hu v pht trin bn vng, cc hot ng xc tin thng mi, y mnh tiu th nng sn,.... Phng thc h tr khuyn nng cn iu chnh theo hng phn bit r hn i vi hai nhm i tng mc tiu l: + i vi h ngho, h sn xut thuc vng c bit kh khn, vng ng bo dn tc thiu s, vng thng xuyn b thin tai, h sn xut t cp t tc l chnh,... p dng chnh sch h tr nh hin nay  gip h thot ngho bn vng, vn ln lm giu. + i vi h sn xut hng ha ln, ch trang tri, cc c s sn xut nh v va trong l)nh vc nng nghip, p dng nng nghip cng ngh cao cn thc hin chnh sch khuyn khch thng qua c ch vay vn u i t Qu Khuyn nng, m bo ngun u t n nh cho hot ng khuyn nng. ng thi thc hin x hi ha, huy ng tng hp cc ngun lc u t cho hot ng khuyn nng, trong  hnh thc hp tc cng - t (PPP) trong hot ng khuyn nng cn c th im, tng kt, nhn rng. Nm l: M rng hp tc vi mng li khuyn nng trong khu vc v trn th gii. Trong nhng nm ti, Khuyn nng Vit Nam cn tip tc hp tc cht ch vi khuyn nng ca cc nc ASEAN v cc nc trn th gii. T chc cc chng trnh hp tc o to nng dn, trao i chuyn gia nng nghip, t chc cc on cn b khuyn nng v nng dn i thm quan giao lu, trao i kinh nghim khuyn nng vi h thng khuyn nng cc nc  tip tc i mi v pht trin khuyn nng Vit Nam ln mt tm cao mi. Tri qua 20 nm xy dng v pht trin, c s quan tm ch o ca ng, Nh nc, cc B, ngnh trung ng v cp y, chnh quyn, ngnh Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn cc a phng, h thng khuyn nng Vit Nam  khng ngng ln mnh,  c nhiu thnh tch quan trng ng gp cho s pht trin chung ca nng nghip, nng dn v nng thn nc ta. Trong thi gian ti, h thng khuyn nng c nc cn tch cc pht huy nhng thnh tch v kinh nghim tt, khc phc nhng hn ch, yu km, khng ngng i mi ni dung v phng php  nng cao cht lng v hiu qu hot ng khuyn nng p ng yu cu ngy cng cao ca thc tin sn xut v mong i ca b con nng dn./. 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